Army of Shadows

Betrayal. Loyalty. Collaboration. Resistance.
L'Armée des ombres (1969)
8.1/10
32 390
—
no scores
7.9/10
787
8.1/10
29000
Rate the movie:
Release date
Revenue
$906 133
Scenario
Composer
Producer
Photo Jacques Dorfmann
Jacques Dorfmann
Actors
Photo Lino Ventura
Lino Ventura
Philippe Gerbier
Photo Paul Meurisse
Paul Meurisse
Luc Jardie
Photo Jean-Pierre Cassel
Jean-Pierre Cassel
Jean-François Jardie
Photo Claude Mann
Claude Mann
Claude Ullman / Le Masque
Photo Paul Crauchet
Paul Crauchet
Félix Lepercq
Photo Christian Barbier
Christian Barbier
Guillaume Vermesch / Le Bison
Photo Alain Dekok
Alain Dekok
Legrain
All actors and roles (10)

Short description

Set in occupied France during the Second World War, Army of Shadows follows Philippe Gerbier, a senior figure in the Resistance who is arrested and held in a prison camp after an informant betrays him. He escapes and returns to the underground network, where he and his comrades track down the man responsible. The film then shows the daily reality of their work: secrecy, shifting loyalties, and the constant threat of capture, including the pressure placed on Mathilde, who leads a Resistance cell in Paris.

Jean-Pierre Melville directed and wrote the screenplay, working from Joseph Kessel's novel. The film came after Le Samouraï in his filmography and before Le Cercle Rouge. Lino Ventura plays Gerbier, with Simone Signoret as Mathilde, Paul Meurisse and Jean-Pierre Cassel as the Jardie brothers, and Claude Mann and Paul Crauchet among a credited cast of 28. Jacques Dorfmann produced for Les Films Corona and Fono Roma, and the film runs 145 minutes.

On IMDb it holds 8.1 from around 29,000 votes, and on TMDB 7.9 from roughly 779 votes. A critics' rating of 9.1 from 78 reviews places it above both audience scores.

What's left behind the scenes

  • Serge Reggiani also appears in Melville's films for the second and last time. However, if in "Le Doulos" (1962) he played the main role, here he plays only a cameo – a hairdresser, effectively hiding Jervier who has just escaped.
  • Ten years before Melville, Ventura and Paul Meurisse already played members of the Resistance – in Julien Duvivier’s drama 'Marie-Octobre' (1959).
  • A film adaptation of Joseph Kessel's military novel, published in 1943.
  • After restoration, overseen by cinematographer Pierre Lhomme, Rialto Pictures released Melville's long-forgotten film in limited American release in 2006. According to J. Hoberman, almost 40 years after its premiere, the film finally “emerged from the mists of time as an epic tragedy and the apotheosis of the director’s career.” The film grossed $741,733 in the US. The New York Film Critics Association named 'Army of Shadows' the best foreign film of the year.
  • General Charles de Gaulle, or rather, his figure in the frame (since we never see his face) was played by Adrien Cayla-Legrand; his name is not listed in the credits.
  • The epigraph of the film: “Sad memories – I also welcome you, for you are part of my past.” These are the words of playwright Georges Courteline, but his name is not in the credits.
  • Melville said about the film: “Now I have said everything about the war.”
  • With “Silence of the Sea” (1949), Melville practically began his career in cinema. Twenty years later, having become famous primarily as a director of crime films, he returned to the theme of war, adapting Joseph Kessel’s autobiographical novel, a former member of the Resistance. He had dreamed of directing “Army of Shadows” for a quarter of a century – since he first read the book.
  • In the book, Jean-François learns that his older brother Luc is also a member of the Resistance. He never finds this out in the film.
  • The scene of the German march on the Champs-Élysées was supposed to close the film. However, Melville decided to move it to the very beginning.
  • Jean-François writes a denunciation against himself in order to end up in the same cell as Félix. This plotline does not exist in the book.
  • For the second – and last – time, after 'Le Deuxième Souffle' (1966), Lino Ventura played the leading role in a Melville film.
  • After its release, the film was subjected to harsh criticism. Melville was accused of being retrograde and of making a “typically Hollywood propaganda piece.” But for the director, the attitude of the surviving members of the Resistance to the film was more important. During a special screening organized for the author of 'Army of Shadows' and his comrades, Melville carefully watched their reaction. At the end credits, Joseph Kessel could not hold back tears.

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